In most cases, yes. Federal law in the United States requires licensed dealers to conduct a background check through the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) before completing a firearm sale. Certain states and jurisdictions may have additional requirements, including permits or waiting periods. Always verify the specific laws in your area to ensure compliance.

Typically, you’ll need a valid, government-issued photo ID (such as a driver’s license) with your current address. If you’re buying from a federally licensed dealer, you’ll be required to fill out ATF Form 4473, which records basic identifying information and asks eligibility questions. Some states may require proof of residency, a firearm purchaser ID card, or safety training certification before proceeding.

Generally, no. Federal law requires that all interstate firearm sales by licensed dealers be completed in person through another licensed dealer. This means that if you purchase a gun online, it must be shipped to a Federal Firearms License (FFL) dealer in your state, where you’ll need to complete the required paperwork and pass a background check before taking possession of the firearm.

Federal law sets the minimum age at 18 for buying long guns (rifles and shotguns) and 21 for buying handguns from a licensed dealer. Some states have stricter age requirements and additional conditions. It’s always best to check both federal and state laws, as well as the policies of the specific licensed dealer you plan to purchase from.